Digital nomad visas

A status for people who live in a country while earning outside it: remote employees, freelancers or owners of foreign businesses. Usually issued for one or two years, renewable, and requires proven income.

Thresholds vary widely: from about 1,500 dollars a month in Latin America to 4,500 euro in Estonia. Many are pegged to minimum or average wages and revised every year.

Usually not: the point is that income comes from abroad. Some countries allow freelancers a limited share of local clients, but the bulk must be foreign.

It depends on the country and how long you stay. Some exempt this income, some apply a reduced rate, some tax it normally past 183 days. Establish this before applying.

Sometimes: in Spain and Portugal the years count towards permanent residence and citizenship, while in other countries the status is a dead end.

Almost everywhere yes: a spouse and children can be included, but each dependant raises the income requirement. The right for a spouse to work is not universal.